# Formulas for Set Theory

## Set theory and its Formulas

Set theory is a branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which informally are collections of objects. Although any type of object can be collected into a set, set theory is applied most often to objects that are relevant to mathematics. Formulas for Set Theory are very useful in terms of exams.

### Formulas for Set Theory

Notations used in set theory:

• n(A) – Cardinal number of set A.
• n(A) – Cardinality of set A.
• $\overline{A}$ = Ac – complement of set A.
• U – Universal
• A ⊂ B – Set A is proper subset of subset of B.
• A ⊆ B – Set A is subset of set B.
• ∅ – Null set.
• a ∈ A – element “a” belongs to set A.
• A ∪ B – union of set A and set B.
• A ∩ B – intersection of set A and set B.

### Formulas

1. If A and B are overlapping set, n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B).
2. If A and B are disjoint set, n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B).
3. n(A) = n(A ∪ B) + n(A ∩ B) – n(B).
4. n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∪  B).
5. n(B) = n(A ∪ B) + n(A ∩ B) – n(A).
6. n(U) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B) + n((A ∪ B)c).
7. n((A ∪ B)c) = n(U) + n(A ∩ B) – n(A) – n(B).
8. n(A ∪ B) = n(A – B) + n(B – A) + n(A ∩ B).
9. n(A – B) = n(A ∪  B) – n(B).
10. n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B).
11. n(Ac) = n(U)- n(A)

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