Process Life Cycle in Operating System OS

March 25, 2022

Operating System / Process Life Cycle

Process Life Cycle in OS

Process life cycle in OS is one of the five states in which a process can be starting from the time it has been submitted for execution, till the time when it has been executed by the system. A process can be in any of the following states –

  • New state
  • Ready state
  • Running state
  • Waiting state
  • Terminated
Process Lifecycle in Operating System OS
Process Cycle 1New State
Process Cycle 2Read State
Process Cycle 3Running State
Process Cycle 4Waiting State
Process Cycle 4Terminated State
  • Imagine a unit process that executes a simple addition operation and prints it.

New State

  • Process it submitted to the process queue, it in turns acknowledges submission.
  • Once submission is acknowledged, the process is given new status.

Ready State

  • It then goes to Ready State, at this moment the process is waiting to be assigned a processor by the OS
Process Queue Ready

Running State

  • Once the Processor is assigned, the process is being executed and turns in Running State.
Process Queue Running

Wait and Termination State

  • Now the process can follow the following transitions –
    • The process may have all resources it needs and may get directly executed and goes to Termination State.
    • Process may need to go to waiting state any of the following
      • Access to Input/Output device (Asking user the values that are required to be added) via console
      • Process maybe intentionally interrupted by OS, as a higher priority operation maybe required, to be completed first
      • A resource or memory access that maybe locked by another process, so current process goes to waiting state and waits for the resource to get free.
    • Once requirements are completed i.e. either it gets back the priority to executed or requested locked resources are available to use, the process will go to running state again where, it may directly go to termination state or may be required to wait again for a possible required input/resource/priority interrupt.
  • Termination
Process Queue Wait
Process Queue Terminated

Summary

  1. New – New Process Created
  2. Ready – Process Ready for Processor/computing power allocation
  3. Running – Process getting executing
  4. Wait – Process waiting for signal
  5. Terminated – Process execution completed

Apart from the above some new systems also propose 2 more states of process which are –

  1. Suspended Ready – There maybe no possibility to add a new process in the queue. In such cases its can be said to be suspended ready state.
  2. Suspended Block – If the waiting queue is full
Process Life Cycle in Operating System OS
Operating System CPU Scheduling in

      Read More

  1. Process (Intro)
  2. Process Life Cycle
  3. Process Control Block PCB
  4. Process Scheduling
  5. Context Switching
  6. CPU Scheduling
  7. FCFS Scheduling
  8. Shortest Job First (or SJF) scheduling – non-preemptive
  9. Shortest Job First (or SJF) scheduling – preemptive (SRTF)
  10. Round Robin scheduling
  11. Priority Scheduling
  12. Convoy Effect
  13. Difference between Scheduler and Dispatcher
  14. Preemptive scheduling vs Non Preemptive scheduling
  15. Preemptive scheduling
  16. Non preemptive scheduling
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