Tuple

January 24, 2023

Tuples in DBMS

On this page, we will learn about Tuple in DBMS.

Generally, the database table is viewed as a collection of tuples.
The term tuple is often also called row and record in a database table.

TUPLE

Each tuple represents a complete record of the specific data item, each tuple stores different data with the same structure.

Example : For example in an employee table, we need to store the details of 10 employees then the database table will consist of 10 tuples every each tuple contains details of that particular employee i.e 1 tuple for storing the record of one employee

Consider a sample table ‘emp’ .

ENAME	JOB	SAL	HIREDATE	HIREDATE+2
KING	PRESIDENT	5000	17-NOV-81	19-NOV-81
BLAKE	MANAGER	2850	01-MAY-81	03-MAY-81
CLARK	MANAGER	2450	09-JUN-81	11-JUN-81
JONES	MANAGER	2975	02-APR-81	04-APR-81
SCOTT	ANALYST	3000	19-APR-87	21-APR-87
FORD	ANALYST	3000	03-DEC-81	05-DEC-81
SMITH	CLERK	800	17-DEC-80	19-DEC-80

Table contents seven rows i.e it stores the details of all the 7 employees in 7 separate tuples

SQL Query to retrieve particular tuples

SELECT * FROM EMP
WHERE DEPTNO=20;

Output:
4 rows selected.

EMPNO	ENAME	JOB	MGR	HIREDATE	SAL	COMM	DEPTNO
7566	JONES	MANAGER	7839	02-APR-81	2975	–	20
7788	SCOTT	ANALYST	7566	19-APR-87	3000	–	20
7902	FORD	ANALYST	7566	03-DEC-81	3000	–	20
7369	SMITH	CLERK	7902	17-DEC-80	800	500	20

Only those tuples corresponding to the details of Department number 20 are displayed.

What is Database

Participation Constraint

DBMS Architecture

Data Models

Cardinality

ROW NUM in SQL

The rownum clause in SQL is used to specify the number of tuples present in a database table
Each tuple will be added a number starting from 1 to n so that the user can easily identify the number of tuple present in the table

Example

select rownum,empno,ename,job,sal,deptno 
FROM EMP;

Output:
7 rows selected.

ROWNUM	EMPNO	ENAME	JOB	SAL	DEPTNO
1	7839	KING	PRESIDENT	5000	10
2	7698	BLAKE	MANAGER	2850	30
3	7782	CLARK	MANAGER	2450	10
4	7566	JONES	MANAGER	2975	20
5	7788	SCOTT	ANALYST	3000	20
6	7902	FORD	ANALYST	3000	20
7	7369	SMITH	CLERK	800	20

Displaying top N tuples

Suppose if you want to display the top three tuples present in emp table then you can use this rownum along with the relational operator

Example

select rownum,empno,ename,job,sal,deptno 
FROM EMP
where rownum<=3;

Output:
3 rows selected.

ROWNUM	EMPNO	ENAME	JOB	SAL	DEPTNO
1	7839	KING	PRESIDENT	5000	10
2	7698	BLAKE	MANAGER	2850	30
3	7782	CLARK	MANAGER	2450	10

Only the first 3 tuples in a table or displayed

Learn more about Record here on this page.

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Tuple

Tuples in DBMS

TUPLE

SQL Query to retrieve particular tuples

ROW NUM in SQL

Example

Displaying top N tuples

Example

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