Program for Matrix Multiplication Function

February 1, 2023

Multiply Two Matrices Using Function

On this page we will write C program to multiply two matrices using function.Matrix multiplication is important to understand the basics of C programming.Functions make program more readable and reusable.Hence, we will learn to use function using simple matrix multiplication problem.

C Program to Multiply Two Matrices Using Function

There are two type of matrix:

Square matrix
Rectangle matrix

In square matrix number of rows are equal to number of columns.While,in rectangle matrix number of rows is not equal to number of columns.

Note: For matrix multiplication number of columns in matrix 1 must be equal to number of rows in matrix 2.

Main Function of the Program

void Matrix_mul (int mat1[][c1], int mat2[][c2])
{
  int mul[r1][c2];
  printf ("Multiplication of given two matrices is:\n");
  for (int i = 0; i < r1; i++)
    {
      for (int j = 0; j < c2; j++)
	{
	  mul[i][j] = 0;
	  for (int k = 0; k < r2; k++)
	    {
	      mul[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j];
	    }
	  printf ("%d\t", mul[i][j]);
	}
      printf ("\n");
    }
}

We can create separate function to enter the elements from and user and a separate function for displaying the final multiplied matrix.But here, we are creating one function for multiplication and printing the elements and given two matrices are predefined.

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Program: Matrix Multiplication using Functions

Run

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define r1 2
#define c1 3
#define r2 3
#define c2 2

void Matrix_mul (int mat1[][c1], int mat2[][c2])
{
  int mul[r1][c2];
  printf ("Multiplication of given two matrices is:\n");
  for (int i = 0; i < r1; i++)
    {
      for (int j = 0; j < c2; j++)
	{
	  mul[i][j] = 0;
	  for (int k = 0; k < r2; k++)
	    {
	      mul[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j];
	    }
	  printf ("%d\t", mul[i][j]);
	}
      printf ("\n");
    }
}

int main ()
{
  int mat1[r1][c1] = { {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, 5} };
  int mat2[r2][c2] = { {1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6} };
  int mul[r1][c2], i, j, k;

  printf ("matrix 1 is :\n");
  for (i = 0; i < r1; i++)
    {
      for (j = 0; j < c1; j++)
	{
	  printf ("%d   ", mat1[i][j]);
	  if (j == 3 - 1)
	    {
	      printf ("\n\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  printf ("matrix 2 is :\n");
  for (i = 0; i < r2; i++)
    {
      for (j = 0; j < c2; j++)
	{
	  printf ("%d   ", mat2[i][j]);
	  if (j == 2 - 1)
	    {
	      printf ("\n\n");
	    }
	}
    }

  Matrix_mul (mat1, mat2);
  return 0;
}

Output :

matrix 1 is :
0   1   2   

3   4   5   

matrix 2 is :
1   2   

3   4   

5   6   

The product of the two matrices is: 
13	16	
40	52

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