CS Fundamental Quiz 1

Answer: D) Undefined behavior
The expression ++x + x++ contains undefined behavior because it modifies variable x twice without an intervening sequence point. The result can vary between different compilers and optimization levels.

Answer: A) O(1)
Inserting at the beginning of a linked list requires constant time O(1) because we only need to create a new node and adjust the head pointer, regardless of the list size.

Answer: D) Priority Scheduling
Priority scheduling can cause starvation when low-priority processes are indefinitely delayed by high-priority processes. This is known as the "aging" problem, where some processes may never get CPU time.
[DBMS]

Answer: C) Third Normal Form (3NF)
Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates transitive dependencies, ensuring that non-prime attributes are not transitively dependent on the primary key through other non-prime attributes.

1101₂ = 1×2³ + 1×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰ = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13₁₀

Answer: C) Supports pointers
Java does not support pointers directly to ensure memory safety and security. Instead, it uses references which are safer and prevent direct memory manipulation.

Answer: C) O(n)
In the worst case, a BST can become skewed (like a linked list), requiring O(n) time to search. This happens when elements are inserted in sorted order.

Answer: B) A situation where processes wait for each other indefinitely
Deadlock occurs when two or more processes are blocked forever, waiting for each other to release resources. This creates a circular dependency that cannot be resolved.

Answer: C) TRUNCATE
TRUNCATE command removes all rows from a table while preserving the table structure. It's faster than DELETE as it doesn't log individual row deletions and cannot be rolled back.

Answer: B) 4 bytes
On most 32-bit systems, the 'int' data type is 4 bytes (32 bits), allowing it to store values from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.