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What is Software Testing?
Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application or system to determine whether it meets specified requirements and to identify any defects. It helps to ensure that the software is of high quality, is reliable, and performs as expected.
There are many different types of software testing, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing, each of which serves a different purpose and tests different aspects of the software. Testing is an important part of the software development process and is essential for the delivery of high-quality software products.


Requirements of Software Testing
Software testing is the process of evaluating a software application or system to determine whether it meets the specified requirements and works as intended. In order to perform effective software testing, there are a number of requirements that should be met:


Clearly defined requirements:
The software should be tested against a set of well-defined requirements, such as functional requirements and performance requirements.
Adequate test coverage:
The testing process should cover all relevant aspects of the software, including functionality, performance, and security.
Testability:
The software should be designed in a way that makes it easy to test, with clear inputs and outputs, and a separation of responsibilities between different components.
Testing infrastructure:
The testing process should have access to the necessary tools, environments, and resources required to perform the tests.
Test documentation:
The testing process should be documented, including the test cases, the expected results, and any issues or defects that are discovered.
Test environment:
The testing process should be performed in a controlled environment that is representative of the intended use of the software.
Test automation:
The testing process should make use of automated tools and techniques to increase efficiency and consistency.
Continuous testing:
The testing process should be ongoing, rather than being performed only at the end of the development process. This allows issues to be identified and addressed early on.
Steps Involved in Software Testing


- Requirements analysis:
This is the first step in the software testing process. It involves understanding the requirements of the software and determining what needs to be tested.
- Test planning:
Once the requirements have been analysed, the next step is to plan the testing process. This includes determining the test strategies, identifying the test cases and test scenarios, and allocating resources.
- Test case design:
The test cases are then designed, which include identifying the input and expected output. This helps to ensure that the software is tested under a wide variety of conditions and that all possible scenarios are considered.
- Test environment setup:
The test environment is set up, which includes installing the necessary hardware and software for testing. The test environment should be as similar as possible to the production environment in order to ensure that the software will perform as expected when it is released.
- Test execution:
The test cases are then executed and the actual output is compared to the expected output. Any discrepancies between the actual and expected output are documented as defects and are then reported to the development team for fixing.
- Evaluating test results:
After the tests have been executed, the results are evaluated. This includes analysing the test results, determining whether any defects have been found, and assessing the overall quality of the software.
- Test Closure:
Finally, the test closure is done which includes review of testing process and documenting the results. The process of finalising the test and ensure all deliverable and records are properly archived.
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