Print All Permutations of a String using Recursion in C++

October 13, 2022

All Permutation of a String using Recursion in C++

Here, in this page we will discuss the program to find all permutation of a string using recursion in C++ Programming Language. We are given with the string as an input and need to print all the permutation of the given input string. A permutation also called an “arrangement number” or “order,” is a rearrangement of the elements of an ordered list S into a one-to-one correspondence with S itself. A string of length n has n! permutation. 

Example :

  • Input : ABC
  • Output : ABC ACB BCA BAC CAB CBA
All Permutation of a String using Recursion in C++

Method 1(Using Recursion) :

 

  • Create a recursive function say permute(string s, int l, int r), and pass string along with starting index of the string and the ending index of the string.
  • Base condition will be if(l==r) then print the s.
  • Otherwise, run a loop from [l, r]
  • And, swap(s[l], s[i])
  • Call permute(s, l+1, r) function
  • And again swap(s[l], s[i]) to backtrack.
Permutation of given string

Code to print all permutation of a string using recursion in C++

Run 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

//Recursive Function
void permute(string s, int l, int r)
{
   // Base case
   if (l == r)
     cout<<s<<" ";
   else
   {
      for (int i = l; i <= r; i++)
      {

          // Function to swap
          swap(s[l], s[i]);

          // Recursion called
          permute(s, l+1, r);

          //backtrack
          swap(s[l], s[i]);
        }
    }
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
     string str = "ABC";
     int n = str.size();
     permute(str, 0, n-1);
     return 0;
}
Output :


ABC ACB BCA BAC CAB CBA
 
 

Smallest element in an array

Power of a Number

Largest element in an array

Method 2(Using In-built Function) :

In this method we will use the next_permutation() function, that modifies a string so that it stores lexicographically next permutation. If current string is lexicographically largest, then next_permutation returns false.

  • Sort the string str.
  • Run a do while loop to print(str), and use next_permutation(str.begin(), str.end()) inside while condition.

Code in C++

Run 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

//Function to print all permutations
void permute(string str)
{
   sort(str.begin(), str.end());

   do{
     cout<<str<<" ";
   }while(next_permutation(str.begin(), str.end()));
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
  string str = "ABC";
  permute(str);
  return 0;
}
Output :


ABC ACB BCA BAC CAB CBA

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While loop in C

One comment on “Print All Permutations of a String using Recursion in C++”


  • varikutisrinivas123

    python code:

    def perm(l,ln,c,d):
    if c==(ln-1):
    l.sort()
    return l
    else:
    li=[]
    for i in l:
    k,j=c,d
    while c!=ln:
    str1=list(map(str,i))
    temp=str1[d]
    str1[d]=str1[c]
    str1[c]=temp
    li.append(“”.join(str1))
    c+=1
    c,d=k,j
    del l
    return perm(li,ln,c+1,d+1)

    strr=input()
    l=[strr]
    for i in perm(l,len(strr),c=0,d=0):
    print(i,” “,end=””)