C++ Multidimensional Arrays

February 3, 2023

Multidimensional Arrays in C++

An array is defined as a collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations under the same name.In multidimensional arrays,the elements are located using two indexes – row and column.In this section, we will learn about the declaration and initialization of multi-dimensional arrays in C++ and along with it some example codes to learn to implement C++ multidimensional arrays. 

 

C++ multidimensional arrays

Multidimensional Arrays in C++

In C++ programming language, the multi-dimensional arrays are represented using two indexes i.e. row number and column number respectively.Total number of elements that can be stored in a multidimensional array can be calculated by multiplying the number of rows and columns.

Elements in two-dimensional arrays are commonly referred by a[ i ][ j ] where i is the row number and ‘j’ is the column number.

Declaration of multi-dimension array

int p[3][4];

In the above given declaration of the multi dimensional array, p is a 2D array which can hold 12 elements.

Initialization of multi-dimension array

First way:

int a[3][3] = {0, 1 ,2 ,3 ,4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 };

The elements will be filled in the array in the order, first 3 elements from the left in the first row, next 3 elements in the second row and so on.

Second way:

int a[3][3] = {{0,1,2}, {3,4,5,}, {6,7,8}};
  • This type of initialization makes use of nested braces. Each set of inner braces represents one row.
  • In the above example, there are total of three rows so there are three sets of inner braces.

C++ Introduction

History of C++

Structure of a C++ Program

Program to check armstrong number or not

Implementation of Multi-dimension Array in C++

Example 1:

The following code shows the implementation of multi-dimension array.

Run 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std;  
int main()
{
    int p[3][2] = {{2, -5},{4, 0},{9, 1}};
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) 
        {
            cout << "p[" << i << "][" << j << "] = " << p[i][j] << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

p[0][0] = 2
p[0][1] = -5
p[1][0] = 4
p[1][1] = 0
p[2][0] = 9
p[2][1] = 1

Example 2:

Run 
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int p[2][3][2] = {{ {1, 2},{3, 4},{5, 6} }, { {7, 8},{9, 10},{11, 12} }};
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                cout << "p[" << i << "][" << j << "][" << k << "] = " << p[i][j][k] << endl;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

p[0][0][0] = 1
p[0][0][1] = 2
p[0][1][0] = 3
p[0][1][1] = 4
p[0][2][0] = 5
p[0][2][1] = 6
p[1][0][0] = 7
p[1][0][1] = 8
p[1][1][0] = 9
p[1][1][1] = 10
p[1][2][0] = 11
p[1][2][1] = 12

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