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Python random Module
Random Module in Python
Python has huge collection of modules in which Random is one of it. Python Random module is used to generate random numbers. There are several functions under random module. To use random module we need to import that module using import random. This module is very useful to create a simple games which requires random numbers.
Python random Module
The random module in Python provides a set of functions for generating random numbers and performing randomization operations. It’s commonly used for tasks like generating random data, shuffling sequences, and simulating random events.
Let’s discuss some key functions provided by random module:
- Seed
- Shuffle
- random.random()
- Randrange
- Randint
SEED
Seed is used to fix the random number that to be generated. It generates same random number even if you execute it multiple times . Mainly used to encrypting key.
If you use seed then output of random function will be same even after several executions. Observe the difference between 3rd print statement and remaining statements.
import random #Statement with seed random.seed(3) print(random.random()) random.seed(3) print(random.random()) #statement without seed print(random.random()) random.seed(3) print(random.random())
Output:
0.23796462709189137
0.23796462709189137
0.5442292252959519
0.23796462709189137
Shuffle
Using shuffle function in random module shuffles the given list in random manner. Internally it swaps the data in the list randomly.
import random
y=[1,2,3,4,5]
print("List items before shuffling :\n",y)
random.shuffle(y)
print("List items after shuffling :\n",y)
Output:
List items before shuffling :
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
List items after shuffling :
[5, 2, 3, 4, 1]
random.random()
random function in Python random module generates a random number in range of zero to one , which is floating number.
import random print(random.random()) print(random.random()) print(random.random())
Output:
0.5442292252959519
0.36995516654807925
0.6039200385961945
Randrange
randrange function in random module generates a random value in given range
Syntax: random.randrange(start,stop,incrementer)
start- starting point of range (inclusive)
stop- ending point of range (exclusive)
incrementer- optional parameter which is defaultly 1.
first print statement prints random number from 10 to 19
second print statement prints random number from 1 to 9 and here increment value is 2 so it generates only odd random values.
import random print(random.randrange(10,20)) print(random.randrange(1,10,2))
Output:
11
1
Randint
randint is also similar to randrange , but in randint both the given parameter is inclusive and without incremental value
Syntax: random.randint(start,stop)
start- starting point of range (inclusive)
stop- ending point of range (inclusive)
import random print(random.randint(10,20)) print(random.randint(1,10))
Output:
14
9
Let’s play a simple game to understand the concept:
Guess The Number
Lets create a simple game where you need to predict the number that will be generated by the computer in the range 1 to 10.
import random
n=int(input("Guess a number between 1 to 10 : "))
x=random.randint(1,10)
print("Computer generated number :",x)
print("Your guessed number :",n)
if(n==x):
print("You guessed it right :)")
else:
print("Wrong guess , Try again ")Output 1:
Guess a number between 1 to 10 : 5
Computer generated number : 1
Your guessed number : 5
Wrong guess , Try again
Output 2:
Guess a number between 1 to 10 : 4
Computer generated number : 4
Your guessed number : 4
You guessed it right :)
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