Difference Between Segmentation and Paging in Operating System (OS)

January 28, 2021

Paging vs Segmentation

Memory management in the operating system

Memory management in the operating system is an important functionality, which allocates memory to the process for its execution and deallocates the memory when the process is no longer needed. The primary goal of memory management is to combine large but slow memory with small but high-speed memory and to achieve the effect of larger high-speed memory. There are two management schemes called segmentation and paging in the operating system.

Segmentation

  • Segmentation is a memory management technique which divides the computer’s primary memory into segments or sections.
  • It is a scheme in which page is of the variable block size.
  • In segmentation, the process is divided into two variable size segments, and these segments are loaded into logical memory address space. 
  • The process is segmented module by module.  However, in the main memory, the only segment of the process is a store.
  • The segment table is used to keep the records of the segment, its size, and its memory address.
Segmentation in OS

Learn more about segmentation here.

Paging

  • Paging is also a memory management scheme.
  • It allows a process to be stored in the memory in a non-contiguous manner.
  • It resolves the issue of external fragmentation. In paging, the physical and logical memory spaces are divided into the same fixed-sized blocks.
  • The blocks of physical memory are called frames, and the blocks of logical memory are called pages.
  • When a process is executed the process pages from logical memory space are loaded into the frames of physical memory address space.
  • Then the address generated by CPU for accessing the frame is divided into two parts:- page number and page offset. Page table maps logical address to the physical address.
paging

Paging vs Segmentation

Paging Segmentation
A page is a physical unit of information. A segment is a logical unit of information.
Frames on main memory are required No frames are required
The page is of the fixed block size The page is of the variable block size
It leads to internal fragmentation It leads to external fragmentation
The page size is decided by hardware in paging Segment size is decided by the user in segmentation
It does not allow logical partitioning and protection of application components It allows logical partitioning and protection of application components
Paging involves a page table that contains the base address of each page Segmentation involves the segment table that contains the segment number and offset
Operating systems Memory

      Read More

  1. Memory Management Introduction
  2. Partition Allocation Method
    1. First Fit in OS
      1. Program in C | C++ | Java | Python
    2. Best fit
      1. Program in C | C++ | Java | Python
    3. Worst fit
      1. Program in C | C++ | Java | Python
    4. Next fit
      1. Program in C | C++ | Java | Python
    5. First fit best fit worst fit in OS Example
  3. Buddy- System Allocator
  4. Paging
    1. Types of Paging
  5. Fragmentation
    1. internal fragmentation
    2. external fragmentation
    3. internal fragmentation vs external fragmentation
  6. Mapping Virtual address to Physical Address.
  7. Virtual Memory 
  8. Demand Paging
  9. Implementation of Demand paging and page fault
  10. Segmentation
  11. Page Replacement Algorithms
    1. LRU
    2. FIFO
    3. Optimal Page Replacement algorithm
  12. Thrashing
  13. Belady’s Anomaly
  14. Static vs Dynamic Loading
  15. Static vs Dynamic Linking
  16. Swapping
  17. Translational Look Aside Buffer
  18. Process Address Space
  19. Difference between Segmentation and Paging
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