C++ Program for Trapping Rain water problem

Trapping Rain Water in C++

 

Here, in this page we  will discuss one of the famous problem of  Trapping Rain Water in C++ . We are given with n non-negative integers representing an elevation map where the width of each bar is 1, we need to compute how much water it is able to trap after raining.

Example :

  • Input : arr[5] = {3, 0, 2, 0, 4}
  • Output : 7
  • Explanation : We can trap “3 units” of water between 3 and 2, “1 unit” on top of bar 2 and “3 units” between 2 and 4. See below diagram also.
Trapping Rain Water in C++

Method 1 :

  • Take the size of the array from the user and store it in variable say n.
  • Take n integers from the user and store them in an array say arr[].
  • Now, iterate the entire array,
  • For every i-th element, traverse the array from 0 to i and find the maximum height (a) and after that traverse the array from the i index to n, and find the maximum height (b).
  • The amount of water that will be stored in this column is min(a, b) – arr[i], add this value to the total amount of water stored.
  • After complete iteration print the amount of water.

Time and Space complexity :

  • Time-Complexity : O(n^2)
  • Space-Complexity : O(1)
Trapping Rain water

Code for Trapping Rain Water in C++

Run
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to return the maximum
// water that can be stored
int maxWater(int arr[], int n)
{

    // To store the maximum water
    // that can be stored
    int res = 0;

    // For every element of the array
    for (int i = 1; i < n-1; i++) {

      // Find the maximum element on its left
      int left = arr[i];
      for (int j=0; j< i; j++)
        left = max(left, arr[j]);

      // Find the maximum element on its right 
      int right = arr[i];
      for (int j=i+1; j< n; j++) 
      right = max(right, arr[j]);
      // Update the maximum water 
      res = res + (min(left, right) - arr[i]); 
        
    } 
    return res; 
    
} 
// Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n; 
    cin>>n;

   int arr[n];
   for(int i=0; i < n; i++) 
   cin >> arr[i];

   cout << maxWater(arr, n);

   return 0;
}
Input : 
5
3 0 2 0 4



Output :
7

Method 2 :

  • Now, Create two array say left[] and right[] of size n.
  • Create a variable say max_ and set its value to INT_MIN.
  • Run one loop from 0 to n and  in each iteration update max_ as max_ = max(max_, arr[i]) and also assign left[i] = max_.
  • Again, update max_ = INT_MIN.
  • Run another loop from n-1 to 0 and in each iteration update max_ as max_ = max(max_, arr[i]) and also assign right[i] = max_.
  • Now, traverse the array from 0 to n,
  • The amount of water that will be stored in this column is min(a,b) – array[i],(where a = left[i] and b = right[i]) add this value to total amount of water stored
  • After complete iteration print the amount of water.

 

Time and Space complexity :

  • Time-Complexity : O(n^2)
  • Space-Complexity : O(1)

Code for Trapping Rain Water in C++

Run
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to return the maximum
// water that can be stored
int maxWater(int arr[], int n)
{

     // left[i] contains height of tallest bar to the
    // left of i'th bar including itself
    int left[n];
    // Right [i] contains height of tallest bar to
    // the right of ith bar including itself
    int right[n];
    // Initialize result
    int water = 0;
    
     // Fill left array
    left[0] = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) 
    left[i] = max(left[i - 1], arr[i]); 
    // Fill right array 
    right[n - 1] = arr[n - 1]; 
    for (int i = n - 2; i >= 0; i--)
        right[i] = max(right[i + 1], arr[i]);

    // Calculate the accumulated water element by element
    // consider the amount of water on i'th bar, the
    // amount of water accumulated on this particular
    // bar will be equal to min(left[i], right[i]) - arr[i] .
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
    water += min(left[i], right[i]) - arr[i]; 
    return water; 
    
} // Driver code 
int main() 
{ 
    int n; 
    cin>>n;

int arr[n];
for(int i=0; i< n; i++) 
cin>>arr[i];

 cout << maxWater(arr, n);

return 0;
}
Input : 
5
3 0 2 0 4



Output :
7

Method 3 :

Instead of maintaining two arrays of size n for storing the left and a right max of each i-th element, we can maintain two variables to store the maximum till that point. Since water trapped at any element = min(max_left, max_right) – arr[i]. We calculate water trapped on smaller elements out of arr[lo] and arr[hi] first and move the pointers till lo doesn’t cross hi.

Time and Space complexity :

  • Time-Complexity : O(n^2)
  • Space-Complexity : O(1)

Code for Trapping Rain Water in C++

Run
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to return the maximum
// water that can be stored
int maxWater(int arr[], int n)
{
    // initialize output
    int result = 0;
    // maximum element on left and right
    int left_max = 0, right_max = 0;
    // indices to traverse the array
    int lo = 0, hi = n - 1;
    while (lo <= hi) {
        if (arr[lo] < arr[hi]) 
        { 
            if (arr[lo] > left_max)
                // update max in left
                left_max = arr[lo];
            else
                // water on curr element = max - curr
                result += left_max - arr[lo];
            lo++;
        }
        else {
            if (arr[hi] > right_max)
                // update right maximum
                right_max = arr[hi];
            else
                result += right_max - arr[hi];
            hi--;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
 int n;
 cin>>n;

 int arr[n];
 for(int i=0; i < n; i++) 
 cin>>arr[i];

 cout << maxWater(arr, n);

 return 0;
}
Input : 
5
3 0 2 0 4



Output :
7

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