C Program to Find Factorial of a Large Number

October 20, 2022

Factorial of a Large Number in C

Here, in this page we will discuss the program to find the Factorial of a Large Number in C . Factorial of a number means multiply of all below number with each other till 1. If user enter 0 or 1 , then factorial of both numbers will be 1 only. Or If user enters negative numbers then it’s factorial is not defined.

Algorithm :

The logic behind this algorithm is to use the mathematical concept for finding the product of two number. We do multiplication digit by digit from the right hand side of the number and maintain the carry in each multiplication of the digits and finally we reverse the result array.

Initialize carry as 0.
Do following for i = 0 to res_size – 1
a) Find value of res[i] * x + carry. Let this value be prod.
b) Update res[i] by storing last digit of prod in it.
c) Update carry by storing remaining digits in carry.
Put all digits of carry in res[] and increase res_size by number of digits in carry.

In the above approach we use extra space to store the result.

Code in C

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 500

int multiply(int x, int res[], int res_size);

void factorial(int n)
{
  int res[MAX];

  // Initialize result
  res[0] = 1;
  int res_size = 1;

  // Apply simple factorial formula n! = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4...*n
  for (int x=2; x<=n; x++) 
    res_size = multiply(x, res, res_size);

  printf("Factorial of given number is \n"); 
  for (int i=res_size-1; i>=0; i--)
    printf("%d", res[i]);
}

int multiply(int x, int res[], int res_size)
{
  int carry = 0; // Initialize carry

  // One by one multiply n with individual digits of res[]
  for (int i=0; i<res_size; i++)
  {
     int prod = res[i] * x + carry;

    // Store last digit of 'prod' in res[] 
    res[i] = prod % 10; 

    // Put rest in carry
    carry = prod/10; 
  }

  // Put carry in res and increase result size
  while (carry)
  {
     res[res_size] = carry%10;
     carry = carry/10;
     res_size++;
  }
  return res_size;
}

// Driver program
int main()
{
  int n=100;
  factorial(n);

  return 0;
}

Output :

Factorial of given number is
93326215443944152681699238856266700490715968264381621468592963895217599993229915608941463976156518286253697208272237582511852109168640000000000
00000000000000

Find duplicate in an array of N+1 Integers

Merge 2 sorted arrays without using extra space.

Find all pairs on integer array whose sum is equal to given number

Kadane’s Algorithm

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