Rotate a matrix by 90 degree in clockwise direction in C

May 3, 2022

Rotate a matrix by 90 degree in clockwise direction in C

Here, in this page we will discuss the program to rotate a matrix by 90 degree in clockwise direction in C Programming Language. We are given with matrix and we need to print the rotated matrix. We will discuss the approaches that solve this problem in constant space.

Method 1 :

First transpose the matrix.
For this run a loop from i=0 to n and another loop from j=i+1 to j
After doing this, now iterate over rows and reverse each rows.
After this print the entire matrix (that gets rotated).

Time and Space Complexity :

Time-Complexity : O(n*n)
Space-Complexity : O(1)

Method 1 : Code in C

Run

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int *x, int *y){
    int temp = *x;
    *x = *y;
    *y= temp;
}
int main(){

   int n=4;
   int mat[4][4]= { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },{ 5, 6, 7, 8 },{ 9, 10, 11, 12 },{ 13, 14, 15, 16 } };

   //Tranposing the matrix
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=i+1; j<n; j++)
         swap(&mat[i][j], &mat[j][i]);
    }

   //Reversing each row of the matrix
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=0; j<n/2; j++){
        swap(&mat[i][j], &mat[i][n-j-1]);
     }
   }

   //Print the matrix
   printf("Rotated Matrix :\n");
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
       printf("%d ",mat[i][j]);
     }
     printf("\n");
   }
}

Output
Rotated Matrix is :
13 9 5 1
14 10 6 2
15 11 7 3
16 12 8 4

Method 2 :

First rotate the matrix about its main diagonal.
For this run a loop from i=0 to n and another loop from j=0 to 1, and swap (mat[i][j], mat[j][i])
Now, rotate the matrix about middle column.
For this run a loop from i=0 to n, and another loop from j=0 to n/2 and swap (mat[i][j],, mat[i][n-j-1]).
After this print the entire matrix (that gets rotated).

Time and Space Complexity :

Time-Complexity : O(n*n)
Space-Complexity : O(1)

Method 2 : Code in C

Run

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int *x, int *y){
    int temp = *x;
    *x = *y;
    *y= temp;
}
int main(){

   int n=4;
   int mat[4][4]= { { 1, 2, 3, 4 },{ 5, 6, 7, 8 },{ 9, 10, 11, 12 },{ 13, 14, 15, 16 } };

   //Rotate the matrix about the main diagonal
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=0; j<i; j++)
         swap(&mat[i][j], &mat[j][i]);
    }

   //Rotate the matrix about middle column
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=0; j<n/2; j++){
        swap(&mat[i][j], &mat[i][n-j-1]);
     }
   }


   //Print the matrix
   printf("Rotated Matrix :\n");
   for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
     for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
       printf("%d ",mat[i][j]);
     }
     printf("\n");
   }
}

Output
Rotated Matrix is :
13 9 5 1
14 10 6 2
15 11 7 3
16 12 8 4