Nested Loops in C++

July 22, 2023

Nested Loops

On this page we will discuss about nested loops in C++.C++ allows 256 levels of nesting.It is a procedure to construct a loop inside another loop body. It is very important concept to understand the basics of C++ programming.Nested loop is also used in pattern printing.

nesting

Nested Loops in C++ Language

C++ allows nesting of looping structures like – For, while, Do-while, for-each etc. To allow for complex code logic and control structure.We will first look at an example syntax for nesting and then a few programs to understand how it can be done.
Even though nesting is allowed for all types of loops. For loop nesting is most common. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous nesting is allowed. Example –
1. For loop within For loop / while loop within while loop
2. For loop within while loop / Do-while within for loop

Homogeneous nesting

For Loop

for (initialization; condition(s); increment) {
   // statement(s) of outer loop
    for (initialization; condition(s); increment) {
        // statement(s) of inner loop
   }
   // statement(s) of outer loop
}

While Loop

while(condition(s)) {
   // statement(s) of outer loop
   while(condition(s)) {
        // statement(s) of inner loop
   }
   // statement(s) of outer loop
}

Do-while Loop

do{
   // statement(s) of outer loop
   do{
        // statement(s) of inner loop
   }while(condition);
   // statement(s) of outer loop
}while(condition);

Heterogeneous nesting

While all kinds of combinations of nesting can be done, we have taken an example of for loop inside a while loop and that while loop inside do-while

Example

do{
    // statement(s) of do-while loop
    while(condition) {
        // statement(s) of while loop
        for ( initialization; condition; increment ) {
            // statement(s) of for loop
        }
        // statement(s) of while loop
    }
    // statement(s) of do-while loop
}while(condition);

Loop Types in C++

Decision Making in C++

Array in C++

String in C++

Function in C++

Execution flow

  • When we are working with nested loops always execution starts from the outer loop test condition, if it is true control will pass to the outer loop body
  • Now the inner loop test condition is checked, if the inner loop test condition is true, control will pass within the inner loop until the inner loop test condition becomes false
  • In the inner loop if the condition becomes false control goes to the Outer loop
  • Until the outer loop test condition becomes false outer loop executes n number of times.

Example 1

Run 
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    {
        cout << "Table of " << i << " : ";
        for(int j = 1; j <= 10; j++){
            cout << i*j << " ";
        }
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

Table of 1 : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Table of 2 : 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Table of 3 : 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Table of 4 : 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Table of 5 : 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Example 2

Run 
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    // Declare the matrix
    int mat[3][3] = { { 1, 2, 3 },
                        { 4, 5, 6 },
                        { 7, 8, 9 } };
    cout << "Matrix \n";
    // Here we are using two for loops to print two matrices
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
            cout << mat[i][j] << " ";
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output

Matrix
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Example 3

Run 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main(){
    for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
    {
        cout << "Table of " << i << " : ";  
        int j = 1;
        while(j <= 10){
            cout << i * j << " ";
            j++;
        }
        cout << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

Table of 1 : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Table of 2 : 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Table of 3 : 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
Table of 4 : 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
Table of 5 : 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

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