Operations on a Stack
Operations on a Stack
There are many operations that can be used to manipulate a stack. A stack is a data structure in which the operations are executed in constant time.
There are a number of operations that can be performed on a stack, but there are two major operations that are used to manipulate a stack.
These operations are:
- Push()
- Pop()
Push()
- The push operation in a stack is synonymous to insertion in a data structure.
- In simpler words, inserting a new element in a stack is known as push.
- The time complexity of the Push() operation is O(1), i.e , it occurs in constant time.
Let us understand how a push() operation works. Let us consider we have to push a given number of elements in the stack.
The elements to be inserted are: 12 , 08 , 21 , 33 , 18 , 40.
Step 1:
- Initially we have an empty stack.
- Top = NULL.
Step 2:
- Push the element 12 in the stack.
- Top = 12
Step 3:
- Push the element 08 in the stack.
- Top = 08.
Step 4:
- Push the element 21 in the stack.
- Top = 21
Step 5:
- Push the element 33 in the stack.
- Top = 33.
Step 6:
- Push the element 18 in the stack.
- Top = 18
Step 7:
- Push the element 40 in the stack.
- Top = 40.
Step 8:
- Final stack is shown as follows.
- Top = 40
Pop()
- The Pop operation in a stack is synonymous to deletion in a data structure.
- In simpler words, deleting an existing element from a stack is known as pop.
- The time complexity of the Pop() operation is O(1), i.e , it occurs in constant time.
Let us understand how a pop() operation works. Let us consider we have to pop a given number of elements in the stack.
The elements to be deleted from the stack are : 40 , 18 , 33.
Step 1:
- The first element to be deleted from the stack is 40.
- We can see the value of top points to 40.
- We perform the pop operation and the element 40 is popped out off the stack.
- The remaining elements are shown in the image.
- Top = 18.
Step 2:
- The second element to be deleted from the stack is 18.
- We can see the value of top points to 18.
- We perform the pop operation and the element 18 is popped out off the stack.
- The remaining elements are shown in the image.
- Top = 33.
Step 3:
- The next element to be deleted from the stack is 33.
- We can see the value of top points to 33.
- We perform the pop operation and the element 33 is popped out off the stack.
- The remaining elements are shown in the image.
- Top = 21.
Code for Stack in C Program (using structure)
// C Program for Implmentation of stack (array) using structure #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<limits.h> // A structure to represent a stack struct Stack { int top; int maxSize; int* array; }; struct Stack* create(int max) { struct Stack* stack = (struct Stack*)malloc(sizeof(struct Stack)); stack->maxSize = max; stack->top = -1; stack->array = (int*)malloc(stack->maxSize * sizeof(int)); //here above memory for array is being created // size would be 10*4 = 40 return stack; } // Checking with this function is stack is full or not // Will return true is stack is full else false //Stack is full when top is equal to the last index int isFull(struct Stack* stack) { if(stack->top == stack->maxSize - 1){ printf("Will not be able to push maxSize reached\n"); } // Since array starts from 0, and maxSize starts from 1 return stack->top == stack->maxSize - 1; } // By definition the Stack is empty when top is equal to -1 // Will return true if top is -1 int isEmpty(struct Stack* stack) { return stack->top == -1; } // Push function here, inserts value in stack and increments stack top by 1 void push(struct Stack* stack, int item) { if (isFull(stack)) return; stack->array[++stack->top] = item; printf("We have pushed %d to stack\n", item); } // Function to remove an item from stack. It decreases top by 1 int pop(struct Stack* stack) { if (isEmpty(stack)) return INT_MIN; return stack->array[stack->top--]; } // Function to return the top from stack without removing it int peek(struct Stack* stack) { if (isEmpty(stack)) return INT_MIN; return stack->array[stack->top]; } int main() { struct Stack* stack = create(10); push(stack, 5); push(stack, 10); push(stack, 15); int flag=1; while(flag) { if(!isEmpty(stack)) printf("We have popped %d from stack\n", pop(stack)); else printf("Can't Pop stack must be empty\n"); flag=0; } return 0; }
Output :
We have pushed 5 to stack We have pushed 10 to stack We have pushed 15 to stack We have popped 15 from the stack
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