Structure and Function in C++

February 3, 2023

C ++ – Structure and Function

To pass a struct variable as an argument to a function in C++, you need to include the name of the structure type in the function prototype and the function call. This page is all about structure and function in C++. In C++, a structure is a user-defined data type that groups together related data elements and allows them to be treated as a single entity.Structures are often used to represent real-world objects, such as a point in 2D space, a customer record in a database, or a complex number.

Structure and Function in C++

Structure and Function in C++

In C++, you can define functions inside a structure as member functions. These functions have access to the member variables of the structure and can be used to manipulate them.

Here’s an example of a structure with member functions in C++:

Run 
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct Employee {
  string name;
  int age;
  float salary;

  // Define a member function that prints the employee's details
  void printDetails() {
    cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
    cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
    cout << "Salary: " << salary << endl;
  }
};

int main() {
  Employee emp = {"John Smith", 30, 45000.0};

  // Call the member function to print the employee's details
  emp.printDetails();

  return 0;
}

Output

Name: John Smith
Age: 30
Salary: 45000

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Function in C++

There are several ways to pass structure members to functions in C++. Here are two common approaches:

Pass the structure as an argument to the function:

Run 
#include <iostream> 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct Point {
    int x;
    int y;
};

void printPoint(struct Point p) {
    
    cout << "\nDisplaying coordinates of a point." << endl;
    cout << "(" << p.x << " , " ;
    cout  << p.y << ")";
   
}

int main() {

    struct Point p = {1, 2};
    printPoint(p);
    return 0;
}

Output

Displaying coordinates of a point.
(1 , 2)
In this example, the printPoint function takes a struct Point argument, which allows it to access the x and y members of the structure.

Return struct from a function

To return a struct from a function in C++, you can simply use the return statement and specify the struct as the return value. Here’s an example:

Run 
#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

struct Point {
    int x;
    int y;
};

struct Point createPoint(int x, int y) {
    struct Point p = {x, y};
    return p;
}

int main() {
    
    struct Point p = createPoint(1, 2);
    cout << "\nDisplaying coordinates of a point." << endl;
    cout << "(" << p.x << " , " ;
    cout  << p.y << ")";
   
    return 0;
}

Output

Displaying coordinates of a point.
(1 , 2)
In this example, the createPoint function takes two int arguments and returns a struct Point value that is initialized with those values. The returned struct is then assigned to a local variable p in the main function, which is then printed to the console.

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