Library Function in C
Library Function used in C :
On this page we will discuss about standard library function used in C programming language and how to use them. The standard library function is basically collection of sub-libraries, which contains the code for several functions.
Standard Library Function in C
In C Programming, the standard library functions are simply the inbuilt functions whose syntax and definition are present in their respective header files.
These header file are included in our program in order to use these function.
List of Some Commonly Used Library Function
| Library Function | Header File | Use for |
|---|---|---|
| printf() | stdio.h | printing desired output on the screen |
| scanf() | stdio.h | accepting data from the user |
| strcmp | string.h | comparing two strings |
| length() | string.h | finding out the length |
| pow() | math.h | for calculating the exponent |
| sqrt() | math.h | for calculating the square root |
| getchar() | stdio.h | returns the next character typed on the keyboard |
| putchar() | stdio.h | outputs a single character to the screen |
| sprintf() | stdio.h | Sends formatted output to a string |
| fscanf() | stdio.h | reads formatted input from a stream |
Use of some basic Library Functions
Using library functions is no big a deal, we just have to include the header file for the corresponding library function, in the starting of the program and than we can use all the pre-defined library functions present in that header file. Let’s take an example, and see the use of some basic library functions.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
double sqr=0.0, po= 0.0;
printf("We'll see the working of some library functions \n");
printf("Enter first number : ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter second number : ");
scanf("%d",&b);
sqr=sqrt(a);
po=pow(a,b);
printf("Square root of %d is %f\n", a,sqr);
printf("Exponential power of %d is %f", a,po);
}
Output
We'll see the working of some library functions Enter first number : 25
Enter second number : 2 Square root of 25 is 5.000000 Exponential power of 25 is 625.000000
Advantages of using library function in C
- These functions have undergone testing for multiple times hence they work and are simple to use.
- These functions are optimized to give maximum performance.
- These functions saves a significant amount of development time.
- These functions can do same thing on every computer and hence they are portable.
Example 1:
The limits.h header determines various properties of the various variable types. The macros defined in this header limits the values of various variable types like char, int, and long. Below is the C program to implement the above approach-
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Number of bits in a byte %d\n",CHAR_BIT);
printf("Minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n",SCHAR_MIN);
printf("Maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n",SCHAR_MAX);
printf("Maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = %d\n",UCHAR_MAX);
return (0);
}
Output:
Number of bits in a byte 8 Minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = -128 Maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = 127 Maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = 255
Example 2:
This header file defines the date and time functions. Below is the C program to implement time() and localtime() functions-
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#define SIZE 256
int main(void)
{
char buffer[SIZE];
time_t curtime;
struct tm* loctime;
// Get the current time.
curtime = time(NULL);
// Convert it to local time
// representation.
loctime = localtime(&curtime);
// Print out the date and time
// in the standard format.
fputs(asctime(loctime), stdout);
// Print it out
strftime(buffer, SIZE,"Today is %A, %B %d.\n",loctime);
fputs(buffer, stdout);
strftime(buffer, SIZE,The time is %I:%M %p.\n",loctime);
fputs(buffer, stdout);
return 0;
}
Output:
Mon Mar 21 09:10:30 2022 Today is Monday, March 21. The time is 09:10 AM.
Example 3:
Functions in this header file are used to perform various operations on complex numbers. Complex numbers are the ones with the real and imaginary parts.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(void)
{
double real = 1.3, imag = 4.9;
double complex z = CMPLX(real,imag);
double complex conj_f = conjf(z);
printf("z = %.1f% + .1fi\n",creal(conj_f), cimag(conj_f));
}
Output:
z = 1.3 - 4.9i
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